Transmission System
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Transmission System
The transmission system in automobile is a vital component of any vehicle, serving as the bridge between the engine’s power and the wheels that drive the vehicle forward. This system enables seamless control over the speed and direction of the automobile, allowing it to navigate various road conditions and terrains. This technology has evolved significantly over the years, enhancing driving comfort, fuel efficiency, and overall performance from manual to automatic transmissions.
This discussion will clear all your doubts regarding the Automobile Transmission system. This topic in mechanical engineering is important for your upcoming examinations like SSC JE ME and RRB JE Mechanical Engineering.
Transmission System in Automobile
The transmission system in an automobile serves as the mechanism for transferring the engine’s power to the road wheels, propelling the vehicle forward. In this process, the engine generates power to drive the wheels, necessitating a connection between the engine and the transmission system. Furthermore, a seamless engagement and disengagement mechanism is crucial to prevent damage to the vehicle’s mechanism and ensure passenger comfort. In automobiles, a clutch is employed for precisely this purpose.
More about Transmission System
Components of Transmission System in Automobiles
The transmission system in automobiles consists of essential components that enable the vehicle to shift gears smoothly. These include the gearbox, clutch, torque converter, driveshaft, differential, and various sensors, working together to transmit power from the engine to the wheels, ensuring optimal performance and control.
Fig 1: Components of transmission system
The transmission system consists of the following components:
- Clutch.
- Gearbox.
- Propeller shaft.
- Differential.
- Live Axle.
These are discussed in detail below:
Clutch
The clutch is vital in allowing the engine to remain disconnected from the road wheels. It enables the transfer of rotational motion from the crankshaft to the road wheels only when prompted by the driver. Operating on the principle of friction, the clutch ensures a gradual engagement, facilitating a smooth start for the vehicle.
Gearbox
Comprising pairs of gear wheels, the gearbox efficiently transmits motion from the crankshaft through the clutch at varying speeds. This variation in speed provides the necessary leverage between the engine and the road wheels, making it adaptable to different driving conditions and requirements.
Propeller Shaft
The propeller shaft, the third component in the automobile transmission system, bridges the gap between the gearbox and the differential. It accommodates the substantial distance between these two components by being slender and lengthy, facilitating the connection.
Differential
One of the key functions of the transmission system is to redirect motion by 90 degrees, aligning the axis of the propeller shaft with that of the live axle. The differential achieves this through a wheel and pinion arrangement. Additionally, it regulates the speed difference between the inner and outer wheels during turns.
Live Axle
The live axle, the axle where motion is transferred from the engine’s crankshaft, is responsible for driving the vehicle. In contrast, the other axle, known as the dead axle, primarily bears the vehicle’s weight. While motion is typically directed to the rear axle, it can be distributed to the front axle or even both, resulting in a four-wheel drive configuration. Ultimately, the live axle transmits motion to the road wheels, allowing them to rotate and generate the necessary friction with the road surface for vehicle movement.
Working of Transmission Systems in Automobile
The working of an Automobile transmission System can be understood as:
- The internal combustion engine generates power transmitted to the road wheels through the rotation of the crankshaft.
- This rotary motion relies on friction between the road and the wheel surface to move the automobile, a function performed by the transmission system.
- The automobile transmission system comprises various components working together to smoothly and efficiently transmit crankshaft motion to the road wheels.
- Sudden changes from rest to motion or vice versa are undesirable, necessitating gradual transmission of crankshaft motion and the ability to engage it only when desired.
- Crankshaft rotary motion generates torque, which, when transmitted to the road wheels, produces tractive effort, propelling the vehicle.
- Starting from rest requires a substantial tractive effort, often exceeding the engine’s torque output, thus requiring leverage between the engine and road wheels.
- Varying this leverage is essential, as using the same leverage for climbing and level roads would limit maximum speed.
- On well-maintained roads, a comfortable cruising speed for a car is typically around 50 kilometers per hour, necessitating a significant reduction in engine speed by the transmission system.
- The transmission system ratio (e.g., 3.3:1) varies with engine size and specifications to achieve the desired wheel speed.
- While the transmission’s nature remains similar for rear-wheel and 4-wheel drive vehicles, their arrangement differs due to the axis of the rear road wheels being perpendicular to the car’s center line.
- Circular motion results in inner and outer wheels travelling different distances during the same period, requiring synchronisation.
- In most automobiles, engines are in the front, while power is transmitted to the rear road wheels, necessitating transmission over a considerable distance.
- Uneven road surfaces cause axle and spring movement, requiring the transmission system to accommodate these positional changes.
Types of Transmission Systems in Automobile
Automobiles employ two primary types of transmission systems: manual and automatic. Manual transmissions require driver input to shift gears, while automatic transmissions shift gears automatically, offering convenience and ease of use. The various types of Automobile Transmission Systems are:
- Manual Transmission
- Automatic Transmission
- Semi-automatic Transmission:-
- a) Dual-cutch Transmission
- b) Sequential Transmission
- Continuously Variable Transmission
Manual Transmission System in Automobile
Fig 2: Manual Transmission System
Manual transmission, also known as a stick shift or standard transmission, is one of the oldest and simplest transmission systems in automobiles. In this system, the driver manually selects and engages gears using a gear shifter and clutch pedal. By disengaging the clutch, the driver can smoothly change gears to control the power sent from the engine to the wheels. Manual transmissions give drivers a high degree of control over their vehicles but require more skill and effort to operate effectively.
Automatic Transmission System in Automobile
Fig 3: Automatic Transmission System
Automatic transmission is a user-friendly alternative to manual transmission. It eliminates the need for manually shifting gears, making driving more convenient, especially in heavy traffic. An automatic transmission system uses a torque converter to regulate the power flow between the engine and the wheels. The transmission’s hydraulic system automatically selects and engages the appropriate gear based on driving conditions, engine speed, and vehicle load, allowing for smooth and effortless gear changes.
Semi-Automatic Transmission System in Automobile
Fig 4: Semi-Automatic Transmission System
Semi-automatic transmission systems offer a blend of manual and automatic control. They provide the option for the driver to shift gears without the need for a clutch pedal manually. Two common types of semi-automatic transmissions are:
a) Dual-Clutch Transmission (DCT)
Fig 5: Dual-Clutch Transmission (DCT)
A dual-clutch transmission uses two separate clutches for odd and even-numbered gears, allowing for rapid and seamless gear changes. Drivers can choose between manual gear selection or automatic mode, making DCTs popular for sports cars and high-performance vehicles.
b) Sequential Transmission
Fig 6: Sequential Transmission
Sequential transmissions are often found in racing cars and motorcycles. They require the driver to shift gears sequentially, usually through a lever or paddle shifter. Unlike manual transmissions, there’s no H-pattern shifter, and gear changes occur one at a time in a forward or backward sequence.
Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) System in Automobile
Fig 7: Continuously Variable Transmission
Continuously Variable Transmission, or CVT, is a modern and innovative transmission system that doesn’t use traditional gears. Instead, it relies on a belt and pulley system to provide a seamless range of gear ratios. CVTs are known for their fuel efficiency and smooth acceleration, making them popular in many compact and hybrid vehicles. However, some drivers may find their operation different from traditional transmissions due to the absence of distinct gear changes.
Functions of Transmission System in Automobile
The various functions of the Automobile Transmission System are:
- Transmit engine power to the wheels.
- Control the speed and direction of the vehicle.
- Provide variable gear ratios for different driving conditions.
- Enable smooth acceleration and deceleration.
- Allow the vehicle to come to a complete stop without stalling the engine.
- Facilitate efficient power delivery and fuel economy.
- Adapt to changes in terrain and road conditions.
- Enhance driving comfort and convenience.
- Enable reverse gear for backing up.
- Transfer engine torque to the wheels for propulsion.
Requirements of Transmission System in Automobile
The transmission system must meet the following criteria:
- Allow the engine to remain disconnected from the road wheels until engagement is required.
- Facilitate a smooth and gradual connection between the running engine and the road wheels, avoiding abrupt jerks.
- Provide adjustable leverage between the engine and road wheels to accommodate various conditions, such as starting from a standstill, maintaining a constant speed, or ascending a hill.
- Enable the reduction of engine speed as needed.
- Redirect the drive at a 90-degree angle.
- Permit differential speeds for inner and outer road wheels when following a curved path.
- Allow for relative motion between the engine and road wheels as they move up and down due to uneven road surfaces.
Advantages of Transmission System in Automobile
Transmission systems in automobiles offer several advantages, including:
- Gear Ratio Flexibility: Allows adapting to different driving conditions for optimal performance and fuel efficiency.
- Power Distribution: Transmits engine power to the wheels, enabling the vehicle to move.
- Smooth Acceleration: Facilitates seamless speed changes for a comfortable driving experience.
- Fuel Efficiency: Optimizes engine performance and conserves fuel by adjusting gear ratios.
- Control: Provides the driver with control over the vehicle’s speed and power output.
- Towing Capacity: Enhances the ability to tow heavy loads with appropriate gear selection.
Disadvantages of Transmission System in Automobile
Transmission systems in automobiles come with some disadvantages:
- Complexity: Manual transmissions require driver skill, while automatics have intricate components, making repairs costly.
- Learning Curve: Manual transmissions necessitate practice and may be less accessible to some drivers.
- Maintenance: Transmissions may require periodic servicing and fluid changes.
- Wear and Tear: Over time, transmission components can wear out, leading to potential failures.
- Cost: Transmission repairs or replacements can be expensive.
Frequently Asked Question!
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Being a Shenshuai Auto Parts retailer comes with numerous benefits. You’ll gain access to an extensive range of high-quality automotive components for various brands, attracting a diverse customer base. Enjoy competitive wholesale pricing, efficient logistics, and timely deliveries to meet customer demands. As a Shenshuai retailer, you’ll receive expert support, marketing materials, and product training to enhance your business. Additionally, you can participate in promotional campaigns and seasonal sales to boost your sales further. Partner with Shenshuai Auto Parts and elevate your business as a trusted and reliable automotive supplier.
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Becoming a Shenshuai Auto Parts retailer comes with a wide array of benefits. Firstly, retailers gain access to an extensive inventory of high-quality automotive components for various brands, attracting a diverse customer base. Competitive wholesale pricing enables retailers to maximize profit margins. Shenshuai’s efficient logistics ensure timely and reliable deliveries, meeting customer demands efficiently. Retailers also receive expert support, marketing materials, and product training to enhance their business operations. Participation in promotional campaigns and seasonal sales further boosts sales potential. Shenshuai Auto Parts values its retailers, providing dedicated customer support to address inquiries and concerns promptly. Joining as a Shenshuai retailer allows businesses to establish themselves as trusted and reliable automotive suppliers, gaining a competitive edge in the market.
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